The pillar of marine reserves

Mosesy JEAN

VOI Tearike – Morombe, South-West Region

An association dedicated to marine conservation in southwestern Madagascar

The town of Morombe is located on the southwestern coast of Madagascar. Situated 283 kilometers from Tuléar, the town is accessible by road or by traditional dugout canoe from Morondava. Most of Morombe’s inhabitants are Vezo, a people known for their traditional fishing practices. Fishing is the primary source of income for the majority of villagers; however, illegal fishing by certain individuals threatens the marine resources upon which the local community relies for its livelihood. In response to this threat, a local association and its members have mobilized to preserve the natural and cultural heritage of the Vezo people and ensure a sustainable future for their fishermen.

Behind the scenes of the creation of the LMMA

Meet Mosesy Jean, president of the Morombe Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA). As a coastal warden, he is able to support his family while pursuing his passion. He opposes the destruction of the marine ecosystem; he wants his children, grandchildren, and future generations to benefit from it. That is why he has become an ocean advocate. His association works closely with Blue Ventures, a marine conservation organization that puts people first. The LMMA would not exist without this organization, which taught community members the importance of conserving the ocean ecosystem and persuaded them to form an association to protect marine species. Blue Ventures also provided assistance through equipment and technical support.

The LMMA would not exist without the “Dina.” Even with efforts to protect the marine ecosystem, without the Dina, such measures would be futile. Consequently, they created their own Dina—a traditional, community-based set of regulations—to effectively manage natural resources. Established in 2018 and reaffirmed in 2022, the Dina has been crucial to protecting the ocean. Positive results were achieved during Mosesy’s first term in 2017, and this success continues to this day. Through awareness-raising and the support of the Dina, protecting our marine ecosystem is possible.

In 2022, Mosesy received an award during the international fisheries celebration in Ambovombe. He was the only winner from the southwestern region. The Ambovombe Fisheries Director selected him to represent his village and speak about the challenges faced and the efforts made by the LMMA in the southwest. The local community needs to become more actively involved in protecting the marine ecosystem. Mosesy addressed this topic and fielded numerous questions from his curious and fascinated peers. He took first place and enjoyed sharing his skills and knowledge. He remembers a woman from Toliara who told him, “Thank you, Mr. President; without your guidance, we would have no knowledge of marine conservation.” Her sincere gratitude and appreciation still deeply move him.

Ocean advocates focus on raising awareness. They teach community members what they should and should not do. Mosesy defines an ocean advocate as “an individual who protects the environment and the sea to prevent climate change and the extinction of marine species.” If Mosesy were a marine creature, he tells us, “I would be a seashell, because it helps clean the ocean, even though people often eat them.” The LMMA has a headquarters where members meet every two months to decide on future actions. They also teach marine conservation in seven villages. The communities in these villages have proposed creating more reserves to help protect the marine ecosystem. Protecting these areas will prevent the destruction of the sea and its ecosystem.

LMMA members managed the Tsimaharitra reserve on an annual basis, under the direction of the Tuléar CGP (Octopus Fishery Management Committee). They also organized exchange visits within the LMMA network, including to Teloriake, Velondriake, and Manjaboake. They first visited Velondriake to observe how sea cucumbers were managed there, given the challenges of farming them in their own area. This visit convinced the local community to attempt sea cucumber farming in Morombe. Team members made monthly trips to Manjaboake, the site of a permanent Tsimaharitra reserve. They observed that the reserve was a success, with various marine species thriving. This experience convinced them of the value of exchange visits.

From small steps to great victories: their fight for the oceans

Before establishing the Tsimaharitra reserve, the LMMA members put in a great deal of effort. They subsequently set up a sea cucumber farm, establishing the reserve to protect and support the Tuléar community. This initiative was successful for about 12 months. Following the trial, IOT (Indian Ocean Trepang) took over the sea cucumbers. The LMMA members continued to assist village-based farms—particularly those on the islands—and finalized all the necessary legal documentation. Mosesy believes everything is ready, and they are now waiting to set up the village sea cucumber farms.

LMMA members managed the Tsimaharitra reserve on an annual basis, under the direction of the Tuléar CGP (Octopus Fishery Management Committee). They also organized exchange visits within the LMMA network, including to Teloriake, Velondriake, and Manjaboake. They first visited Velondriake to observe how sea cucumbers were managed there, given the challenges of farming them in their own area. This visit convinced the local community to attempt sea cucumber farming in Morombe. Team members made monthly trips to Manjaboake, the site of a permanent Tsimaharitra reserve. They observed that the reserve was a success, with various marine species thriving. This experience convinced them of the value of exchange visits.

The local community now has three permanent reserves within the Teloriake LMMA (one at Teloriake, one at Anositompoy, and one in the northernmost section). Between 2022 and 2024, they protected the environment not only by planting trees and rearing local species but also by organizing regular beach cleanups. The CGP mandates a two-month closure on octopus fishing from June to August. To further protect octopus populations, temporary reserves are established across all LMMAs in the south and southwest. Although participation in these reserves is voluntary, many fishers join in to see how large a catch they can secure. LMMA members raise awareness and educate fishers, helping them increase the value of their marine products and manage their finances. Mosesy requested this training because it had proven useful for fishers in the Velondriake LMMA. They also protect marine ecosystems, including pearl oyster beds, reefs, and mangroves; they have planted approximately 60 hectares of mangroves to help combat climate change. In 2018, he led an enforcement operation alongside government officials and two Blue Ventures motorboats, joining forces to apprehend those violating the rules. As the situation escalated, many offenders fled, creating a chaotic scene. Crowds gathered, and some individuals attempted to attack Mosesy, throwing stones and other objects at him; one person even struck him in the face. Despite the imminent threat to his life, Mosesy remained steadfast in his commitment to protecting the marine ecosystem.

An enduring legacy: their achievements for future generations

When a major fishing operation—such as the one involving the Sri Lankans—takes place, members of the LMMA handle the initial response. They investigate the situation. The Sri Lankans claimed they were there to fish but displayed only a few simple tools, concealing their modern equipment. Mosesy asked to see their legal documents and discovered they had been falsified. Upset, Mosesy contacted the village mayor to report the illegal fishing. The LMMA and Mosesy demanded that the Sri Lankans halt their illegal activities, but the group insisted they had authorization from the ministries and the governor. Mosesy was deeply frustrated to discover that someone had bribed the mayor, silencing him. Determined to secure justice, Mosesy took the case to higher authorities. He was dismayed to learn that, even after the people of Anakao had driven the Sri Lankans away, the group had managed to bribe individuals in Morombe to keep quiet about their illegal fishing.
Mosesy calls on the community to join forces and consider the next generation. With the help of LMMA members, he leads monthly campaigns to protect the marine ecosystem for the future. He values ​​the community managing the Tsimaharitra reserve and appreciates their assistance, even though they are not LMMA members. Mosesy is pleased that many non-members are joining in to protect the ocean. Although there are 876 LMMA members, independent helpers make a significant difference.
Significantly, when Mosesy conducts awareness-raising campaigns, his peers in Morombe and the southern region listen intently and are easily convinced. Although the seven villages support him, they remain silent regarding the destruction of the ocean for fear of threats. Even though they have a committee—the KMD (Komity Mpanatanteraka ny Dina)—to enforce the rules, fear prevents them from speaking out.
According to Mosesy, “The Malagasy government should recognize our efforts to protect the ocean.” He believes that fisheries representatives—local individuals who are blocking these initiatives—should be replaced by outside parties who do not demand compensation. “Government and LMMA patrols help protect ocean defenders, but politicians across Madagascar often undermine our work.” Mosesy proposes appointing specialized lawyers for ocean defenders, who currently lack legal support. He also believes they need better funding and equipment, noting that “patrols often use traditional canoes, whereas illegal fishermen use motorized boats.” Training is crucial; Mosesy suggests regular training for ocean defenders, recommending that each LMMA receive training twice a year, including detailed instructional sessions. Mosesy hopes to share skills with and learn from the advanced reserve in Mauritius, particularly regarding octopus conservation.
Mosesy and the LMMA are working hard to protect the ocean. They manage the Tsimaharitra reserve and organize exchange visits within the LMMA network. Unfortunately, they face challenges such as illegal fishing, corruption, and aging equipment. The 876 LMMA members and local supporters are dedicated but hesitate to speak out for fear of reprisals. They urgently need more funding, new equipment, and better training. Your support can provide these crucial resources. This assistance will enable the LMMA to improve its work and combat illegal fishing more effectively. As Mosesy stated, “We cannot rely solely on our determination and passion. To be effective, we need the right tools and resources to stop offenders and earn respect. Collaborating with government officials is crucial. We must also coordinate our efforts to ensure our work has a real impact. This will help ensure that those who harm our marine ecosystems are held accountable for their actions and face the consequences.” By contributing to Mosesy Jean’s mission, you will help protect the ocean off southwestern Madagascar and ensure a better environment for future generations.